| De: |
laurene graziani [ Profil ] |
| Sujet: |
summary statement week 3
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| Envoyé: |
Oct 15th, 2008 - 05:49:23 |
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Dear friends,
Please find below the summary statement for week 3. Thanks a lot for your contribution!
Kind regards,
Laurene
Summary : Week 3 questions
The summary
is based on the answers of Addae Michael from Ghana, Emmanuel Gabari from
Nigeria and Kalpana Kurup from India, and has been prepared by Laurene Graziani
from France.
Overview of the issue
During the
week N°2, we spoke about the protection and promotion of migrants rights.
Protection of human rights, first of all, is fundamental both in the host and
home countries. The adoption and implementation of the Convention on the
protection of Rights of all Migrants Workers and members of their families is
another crucial point.
We understood
that illegal migration is still a huge problem. Promoting and protecting
migrants rights is the first step to decrease illegal migration, exploitation
and migrants rights violations. However, many migrants do not have any other
choice than illegal migration. Many people, mostly in under developed
countries, have to face economical problems. Because of the poor social,
financial and political situation in their own countries, they decide to go
abroad in order to find a better life. This forced migration is own of our
main problem in todays global world, because most of the time it causes
illegal migration and all the problems that comes from having an illegal
status. Economical or sexual exploitation, poor life conditions, exclusion,
and even death, become a reality for many illegal migrants. The challenge is
also to ensure a better life for the young people in their own country, because
they are the one who are building the future of their country. Ideally,
migration should be only synonym of job opportunities, specific education,
cultural experience, better future
Thats why
during week 3 questions, we tried to go deeper, and find solutions to reduce
illegal migration. Good motivation is usually not enough
potential migrants
will have to face many obstacles: getting a visa or a working permit, paying
the travel expenses, finding a good job in the destination country, and so on
Awareness and access to information are fundamental: more information should be
provided about the risk of crossing boarder illegally, the danger of being
killed on the way, the actual working and living conditions of illegal migrants
in a destination country. Providing legal aid to the potential migrants could
also help them to find out how to become a legal migrant. On this point,
international, regional and non governmental organizations, have to boost their
efforts: establishing good practices, supporting migrants rights protection,
reporting and monitoring rights violations at any moment. Two main questions
were asked: What are the ways to foster more opportunities for legal migration?
How to minimize the negative impacts of illegal migration?
I.
Fostering more opportunities for
legal migration
A temporary labour migration program can be beneficial for
development if:
-
there
are policies guiding the process. It means that both the host and the sending
countries should have a policy framework, and resources institutions to carry
out these policies.
-
it is used appropriately, because some people
migrate and refuse to return to their home countries.
Development is possible when there is an
exchange of human resources, financial commitment, intellectual contributions
that flows from the host countries to the home countries (Emmanuel Gabari,
Nigeria)
Thus, labour migration could be beneficial for development if young
people go back to their home countries to share their wealth of experience.
In India, for example, several
people actually return to their home country after being trained overseas. This
is due to several reasons:
-
One, big companies investing in India have
opened up newer venues with jobs that offer huge paychecks. So you get to stay
in your homeland and live comfortably as well.
-
Second, with the IT sector boom, communication
has become very easy. You could work for a company that has its home base
overseas but can stay in your home country and do it.
(Kalpana Kurup, India).
2.
Strengthening the capacities of
developing countries to negotiate partnerships and be viable partners on
mutually beneficial labour and skills exchange is possible if:
- developing
countries have foreign policies addressing some of these issues, and also have
structures organizing the labour force and skills labour export to developed
countries.
Governments officials need to do more in this area if developing
countries want a mutual benefit (Addae Michae,Ghana).
The main
problem is that every country has its own rules and regulations, and that most
of countries want to control the influx of people for security reasons and to
avoid population explosion.
However,
mutually beneficial labour is possible if capacity building is significant for
both country.
If the developing country is able to realise opportunities of the host
country that need to be met, there can be mutual exchange and sharing of
skills. With the IITs and IIMs playing a major role in both providing quality
education in order to realise world class engineers and managers, the
government can work toward capacity building and ensuring that these
professionals stay in their home countries. That could turn out to be mutually
beneficial (Kalpana Kurup, India).
3.
An appreciable level of legal opportunities
for youth migration exist, but:
- it is
difficult to access these opportunities (for example, getting travel documents
is too cumbersome),
- the
opportunities are very little. It exists some programs, such as schooling
abroad, but there are still very expensive.
II.
Managing migration and minimizing
the negative impacts of irregular migration
4.
The causes of youth involvement in
irregular migration are:
- it is not
easy to get the required documents to travel.
Following regular migration procedures could be very slow,
time-consuming and too official for the youth who wants to check out of town
quickly and make it big time abroad. So some will prefer the quick action
approach which sometimes get them into problems with migrating countries
(Emmanuel Gabari, Nigeria).
- there is an
excruciating poverty in the land and young people are forced to become
bread-winners of their homes at a very tender age. Thats why young people want
to go abroad by all means and at all cost.
I think the issue of youth involvement in irregular migration could be
termed as survival of the fittest (Emmanuel Gabari, Nigeria).
- the youth
are faced with stark reality of poverty, inefficient policies, lack of
infrastructures and social amenities.
5.
The cause-effect links between
irregular migration and development are:
- loss of
human resources, brain drain, exposure to health hazards, loss of lives,
missing very good opportunities, and so on
A lot of youth run abroad in search of greener pastures and when
deported because of irregular migration procedures, they discover they have
really missed out and are actually backward because their home country would
have stepped up than when they left (Emmanuel Gabari, Nigeria).
6.
The most effective practices in
curbing irregular migration smuggling and trafficking among young people to the
mutual benefit of migrants and origin and host countries are:
- more
awareness to carry out for young people to know the danger the danger in
illegal migration is necessary. Furthermore, organizing such educative
enlightenment campaigns is easy.
- youth
should be encouraged to follow the right procedures of getting genuine
travelling documents. The process for acquiring the requisite documents to
travel should be made flexible for them.
- governments
should emback on viable projects that involve a lot more of the youth which in
the long-run give them decent employment; and should have an enabling
environment that is youth friendly and live-improving to everyone (giving
free education, opening more vocational trainings centres, promoting
micro-credit). Moreover, relevant trainings should be given to young people.
We need tailor made training targeted at a particular sector of the
economy. There should be specialization and division of labour (Addae Michael,
Ghana).
7.
The capacity building needs of
developing countries to manage irregular migration are:
- improving standard of living, infrastructural
development, good governance, accountability of all political office holders,
free education.
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